Arrows of Time
As far as we know, the fundamental dynamical laws are time neutral --- preferring no direction of time over another. Yet our universe exhibits a number of `arrows of time' --- general phenomena that distinguish directions in time. There is the thermodynamic arrow of time --- the fact that presently isolated systems are mostly evolving towards equilibrium in the same direction of time. There is the electromagnetic arrow of time --- electromagnetic radiation is retarded.
There is the psychological arrow of time --- we remember the past, experience the present, and predict the future. There are the arrows of time supplied by the expansion of the universe and the growth of inhomogeneity. And then, there is the quantum mechanical arrow of time defined in Copenhagen quantum mechanics by the direction in time the wave function of a subsystem is reduced on measurement. The papers below in various ways show how arrows of time arise in quantum cosmology from asymmetries in quantum conditions that specify our universe even though the dynamical laws are time neutral. READ MORE...