Dark Energy

 

New Way to Measure Dark Energy

Researchers have discovered a method to potentially detect and measure dark energy by examining the motion between the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies. This technique, still in its early stages, can estimate the upper value of the cosmological constant, a simple model of dark energy, which is five times higher than values determined from the early universe.




Researchers from the University of Cambridge have discovered a new way to measure dark energy – the mysterious force that makes up more than two-thirds of the universe and is responsible for its accelerating expansion – in our own cosmic backyard.

The researchers found that it may be possible to detect and measure dark energy by studying Andromeda, our galactic next-door neighbor that is on a slow-motion collision course with the Milky Way.


Since it was first identified in the late 1990s, scientists have used very distant galaxies to study dark energy but have yet to directly detect it. 

However, the Cambridge researchers found that by studying how Andromeda and the Milky Way are moving toward each other given their collective mass, they could place an upper limit on the value of the cosmological constant, which is the simplest model of dark energy. 

The upper limit they found is five times higher than the value of the cosmological constant that can be detected from the early universe.

Although the technique is still early in its development, the researchers say that it could be possible to detect dark energy by studying our own cosmic neighborhood. The results are reported in The Astrophysical Journal Letters.

Everything we can see in our world and in the skies – from tiny insects to massive galaxies – makes up just five percent of the observable universe. 

The rest is dark: scientists believe that about 27% of the universe is made of dark matter, which holds objects together, while 68% is dark energy, which pushes objects apart.  READ MORE...

Cat and Pony

 

Stamping Out Greed

 Eliminating GREED sounds like an honorable and worthy crusade to many Americans and to many foreigners who have experienced the GREED of Americans...

However, it is a losing battle.

We must look at GREED from several different angles in order to have enough information to make an intelligent decision.

• First, we have corporate greed
• Second, we have individual greed
• Third, we have political greed
• Fourth, we have economic greed     

Economic greed is absolutely necessary in order to have a growing economy.  Without economic greed our economy would remain stagnant, and while that would keep prices low, it would not offer much of a future.

Political Greed is not necessary and happens when politicians are more concerned about their financial wealth than they are about passing laws for Americans and their future.  It revolves around re-election, buying stock with insider information, and accepting unreported gifts from Lobbyists and donors.

Individual Greed takes place when individuals use their earning potential to invest in other ventures that generate additional wealth.  Individual wealth is good because these individuals are the one that primarily keep non-profits alive with their donations.  However, the downside is that these people NEVE pay their fair share of taxes since most of their wealth is sheltered in offshore bank accounts.

Corporate Greed is what many people consider to be the most insidious because Corporations have decided that they want to make this huge profit while giving bonuses to management and offering minimal wage increases to labor.  Corporate Greed has caused UNIONS to form to protect employees.  

A case could be made that Corporate Greed while somewhat appropriate should not be as high as they want it to be.  There are pros and cons on both sides of that argument.

Large profits create several opportunities:

1.  Companies can invest in Research and Development.

2.  Companies can invest in opening new markets.

3. Companies can pay dividends to stockholders that finance their operations.

NOTE:  Without these three opportunities, there would be no need for a company to grow and no need for a company to expand and hire more employees.

So, the questions are:  

• How much of a profit do you think is reasonable for companies to make?
• Should companies stop giving management bonuses?
• Should individuals not be allowed to shelter their money from taxes in offshore back accounts?
• How much of a wage increase can a company offer before it has to start increasing prices?

Pool Shark

 

Neutrinos and Dark Matter

PNNL chemist Isaac Arnquist examines ultra-low radiation copper cables specially created for sensitive physics detection experiments. Credit: Andrea Starr, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory



Ultra-low radiation cables reduce background noise for neutrino and dark matter detectors.

Imagine trying to tune a radio to a single station but instead encountering static noise and interfering signals from your own equipment. That is the challenge facing research teams searching for evidence of extremely rare events that could help understand the origin and nature of matter in the universe. 

It turns out that when you are trying to tune into some of the universe’s weakest signals, it helps to make your instruments very quiet.

Around the world, more than a dozen teams are listening for the pops and electronic sizzle that might mean they have finally tuned into the right channel. These scientists and engineers have gone to extraordinary lengths to shield their experiments from false signals created by cosmic radiation. 

Most such experiments are found in very inaccessible places—such as a mile underground in a nickel mine in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, or in an abandoned gold mine in Lead, South Dakota—to shield them from naturally radioactive elements on Earth. 

However, one such source of fake signals comes from natural radioactivity in the very electronics that are designed to record potential signals.

Ultra-low radiation cables reduce background noise for neutrino and dark matter detectors.

Imagine trying to tune a radio to a single station but instead encountering static noise and interfering signals from your own equipment. That is the challenge facing research teams searching for evidence of extremely rare events that could help understand the origin and nature of matter in the universe. 

It turns out that when you are trying to tune into some of the universe’s weakest signals, it helps to make your instruments very quiet.

Around the world, more than a dozen teams are listening for the pops and electronic sizzle that might mean they have finally tuned into the right channel. These scientists and engineers have gone to extraordinary lengths to shield their experiments from false signals created by cosmic radiation. 

Most such experiments are found in very inaccessible places—such as a mile underground in a nickel mine in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, or in an abandoned gold mine in Lead, South Dakota—to shield them from naturally radioactive elements on Earth. 

However, one such source of fake signals comes from natural radioactivity in the very electronics that are designed to record potential signals.  READ MORE...

Dark Matter

 

Peace Through Strength

 This is not my message, but it was the message of former President Ronald Reagan...  actor turned politician.  

At the time, I was a Democrat and thought it was ludicrous to have a Hollywood actor become President of the United States.  However, he had been governor of California and that did not bother me too much...  but President...  that was going a little too far for me.

Over the years, I left the Democratic Party and became a conservative, not at Republican, because of the business angle that the conservatives represented.

• Small Government
• Less Taxes
• Less Government Regulations
• Strong Military

I still believe in those values, but they come with several drawbacks.

• Less Social Programs
• Corporate Power and Wealth
• Marginal Wealth For Most Americans
• Less Consumer Protection

However, after the debacle during the Korean and Vietnam Wars and our pullout from Afghanistan, I am convinced beyond a shadow of a doubt that our military strength is VITAL to global peace.

China has declared without any hesitation that they want to dominate the world both economically and militarily...  that is a non-acceptable possibility for a variety of reasons:

1. China is a communist country
2. Russia is a communist country
3. North Korea is a communist country
4. Iran favors communism over democracy
5. Our global economy would suffer
6. There would be an elimination of FREEDOM

While there are drawbacks with USA Democracy and all its freedoms and capitalism based upon a free-market enterprise system of commerce, our system provides its citizens with a vast array of opportunities not available in communist countries.

I do not like wars.

I do not like senseless killing.

I do not like the bombing of countries.

I do not like damage done to innocent people.

BUT COMMUNIST COUNTRIES ONLY UNDERSTAND AND RESPECT AND FEAR POWER...  and, it is that fear that will keep the world safe.

Buffalo Springfield

 

ChatGPT Art Generator

OPENAI HAS ANNOUNCED Dall-E 3, its latest AI art tool. It uses OpenAI’s smash-hit chatbot, ChatGPT, to help create more complex and carefully composed works of art by automatically expanding on a prompt in a way that gives the generator more detailed and coherent instruction.

What’s new with Dall-E 3 is how it removes some of the complexity required with refining the text that is fed to the program—what’s known as “prompt engineering”—and how it allows users to make refinements through ChatGPT’s conversational interface. 

The new tool could help lower the bar for generating sophisticated AI artwork, and it could help OpenAI stay ahead of the competition thanks to the superior abilities of its chatbot.

Take this image of the potato king, for example.

This kind of quirky AI-generated art has become commonplace on social media thanks to a number of tools that turn a text prompt into a visual composition. 

But this one was created with a significant amount of artistic assistance from ChatGPT, which took a short prompt and turned it into a more detailed one, including instructions about how to compose it correctly.

That’s a big step forward not just for Dall-E, but for generative AI art as a whole. Dall-E, a portmanteau of the Pixar character Wall-E and the artist Salvador Dalí that was announced in 2021 and launched in 2022, consists of an algorithm that’s fed huge quantities of labeled images scraped from the web and other sources. 

It uses what’s known as a diffusion model to predict how to render an image for a given prompt. With sufficiently huge quantities of data this can produce complex, coherent, and aesthetically pleasing imagery. What’s different with Dall-E 3 is in the way humans and machines interact.  READ MORE...

Somewhat Political

 

There's Only Two Genders

Regardless of what you think or what you may want to believe or think you want to believe, there are only two genders:  Females and Males...

You can have your testicles and penis removed and you can have breast implants, but you are still biologically a male.

Call yourself transgendered if you would like, but you are still a male.

Males have different bone structures, muscle and tendon structures than a female.

This has nothing to do with my religious beliefs or preferences...  this is biology 101.

Body composition differs between men and women. Men have more lean mass, and women have more fat mass than men. Men are more likely to accumulate adipose tissue around the trunk and abdomen, whereas women usually accumulate adipose tissue around the hips and thighs.   SOURCE:  National Insitute of Health.gov

I am not opposed to males having their Gentelia removed, in fact, if that is what they really want, I support them wholeheartedly...  They can even take female hormones if they so desire.  Again, this is their choice and I support their freedom to make that choice.

BUT THEY ARE NOT FEMALES...

However, if individuals were born with both female and male Gentelia then fortunately have the ability to chose one or the other or both.    And, this happens.  There are always mutations of the DNA and that is a scientific fact.

Those people I suppose would need to be treated differently...  but again, they are not the normal and they are different biologically than males who want to become females.

If two males want to marry that if their decision and I support that.

If two females want to marry that is their decision as well and I support that.

If a trans male/female wants to marry another trans male/female or wants to marry a straight male/female, I support their choices as well...

But, that is not he issue here and because that happens, it does not mean that there are more than two genders.  It just means that those two genders have choices and have decided to exercise those choices.

 

Survival Instincts

 

World's Fastest Growing Cities

In this article, we will be taking a look at the 15 fastest growing cities in the world economically. If you want to skip our detailed analysis of emerging economies you can move directly to the 5 Fastest Growing Cities in the World Economically.

According to a report by the International Monetary Fund, the global growth rate is expected to fall to 3% in 2023 and 2024 from an expected 3.5% in 2022. The report suggests that rising inflation rates have contributed to the current state of the global economy. 

As per the current data, the global headline inflation rate is expected to fall from 6.8% in 2023 to 5.2% in 2024. Moreover, world trade growth is expected to decline from 5.2% in 2022 to 2.0% in 2023.

However, the future of the global economy is not as bleak as it may seem right now. The report suggests that 2024 may be slightly better for the world. The world trade rate is expected to rise to 3.7% in 2024. 

Emerging economies are expected to experience significant growth by the end of 2023 and 2024, at 4.0% and 4.1%, respectively. Particularly, emerging economies in Asia are expected to experience the highest growth globally and global growth is on track to rise to 5.3% in 2023 and 5.0% in 2024.

BRICS May Drive Future Economic Growth
Brazil, Russia, India, and China first grouped to form BRIC in 2006. In 2011, South Africa joined the group, which led the cluster to be renamed to the BRICS. These economies were grouped as expectations of high economic growth dominated the prospects for each country. 

You can take a look at some countries that are expected to experience significant economic growth.

On January 1 2024, BRICS is set to welcome new members formally. These include Saudi Arabia, Argentina, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates. On August 23, Forbes reported how the new arrangement between the BRICS countries could be a political move to attain energy dominance. 

As per the report, the arrangement immensely benefits China. Saudi Arabia, a major oil supplier to China, will benefit the country by the Riyadh-Teheran détente. The new treaty between Iran and Saudia Arabia promises trade and friendship between the two countries.  READ MORE...

Flying Pod

 

Alien Life

 

Company Wants to Pick Up Space Trash

In the middle of a space flight, an astronaut heard a massive bang. He looked up and saw a piece of space junk embedded in the window of the shuttle.

If the debris had been bigger, it could have blown out the window, and the crew would have all died, the astronaut told Joel C. Sercel, the founder and CEO of TransAstra.

"Space junk is one of the greatest perils that astronauts face in low Earth orbit today," Sercel told Insider.

TransAstra was recently awarded an $850,000 contract from NASA to explore the possibility of cleaning up space junk with a giant "capture bag" that the company has dubbed Flytrap, Sercel said.

"It's kind of like picking up trash on the side of the highway," Sercel said.

Only much, much more complex and expensive.

Earth's backyard is a giant dumpster
As humans expand into space, we're leaving a big mess.

The European Space Agency estimates over 330 million pieces of space debris are circling the Earth. Space debris can reach speeds up to 17,500 mph and pose a risk to astronauts, shuttles, and satellites.

TransAstra's Flytrap bags were initially developed to capture asteroids that, in the future, could be mined for rare elements, Sercel said.

But the more Sercel and the team looked into asteroid mining, the more they "became aware of the space junk problem, and we thought this is a really good solution for cleaning up orbital debris," Sercel told Insider.  READ MORE...

Somewhat Political

Examples of Socialism in the USA

1. 
   One of the rare examples of ownership of the means of production of a product in the USA is California’s recent announcement that it will produce its own insulin.
2. Up to 75% of water services in the USA are owned and operated by a government entity, employing public servants (Warner, 2009).
3. Public infrastructure—bridges, roads, electricity, water and sewer systems, and other government infrastructure—is considered socialist. It is usually owned and operated by the government and paid for by a mix of taxation and user fees.
4. Fire protection services and fire departments are socialist programs funded by tax revenue and provided free at the point of use.
5. Public transportation systems, including buses, subways, railway stations, etc., are another great example of socialism in America.
6. Like firefighting departments, police departments are fully socialized. No one directly pays the police to come out to their house or to patrol the streets. It comes out of general revenue.
7. Public parks belong to everyone. They are usually free to get into, although increasingly pay per use is being instituted to recuperate costs and minimize land erosion.
8. Public schools, universities, and community colleges are another form of socialism in the US.
9. The US Postal Service, also known as the USPS, the Post Office, US Mail, or simply Postal Service, is a government-run service that’s responsible for accepting and distributing postal services within the country.
10. Medicare and Medicaid may be considered government-run socialist healthcare programs. They help cover the medical costs for individuals with limited income.
11. Signed into law by former President Roosevelt in 1935, the Social Security Act replaces a percentage of a worker’s pre-retirement income based on his/her lifetime earnings. It also ensures access to health care for the unemployed, the disabled, the sick, and the retired among others.
12. The US military is a socialist organization – in fact, it’s one of the biggest government-owned and operated employers in the world.

When the Republicans yell, piss, scream, and complain about the Democrats taking the country into SOCIALISM...  either they are stupid in their awareness of socialism, or they are trying to INTENTIOALLY MISLEAD the general public...

We are already up to our eyeballs in socialistic programs, and it has been this way since I was a little boy in the 1950s.

So, I am not really sure why the Republicans are against the Democrats as they push for more social programs unless it is because the Republican Party is typically against RAISING TAXES.

So, instead of focusing in on taxes, they have focused in on socialism.

However...  true socialism is when the GOVERNMENT OWNS ALL BUSINESSES AND INDUSTRIES...  and, no matter how bad the Democrats want socialism, I doubt they will ever create a situation in this country where the government business and industry...  it just will not happen.

The wild card here is the BILLIONAIRES and the MULTI-MILLIONAIRES...

It is possible that someone can convince these people to share their wealth with everyone else and that would increase the number of social programs without raising taxes.

Tiger

 

Escape Routes Get a Quantum Overhaul

When it comes to natural disasters, every second counts—and the clock may just be ticking a little slower following a collaboration between Terra Quantum and Honda Research Institute Europe (HRI-EU).

By entangling quantum computing with traditional algorithms, the team has paved a ‘superposition’ of escape routes designed to evacuate people more quickly and efficiently in emergency situations.

This hybrid approach fuses the world of quantum mechanics with the urgency of real-world crises, aiming to create not just the shortest path out, but the ‘quantum leap’ in emergency response we’ve been waiting for.

According to the Honda/Terra Quantum team, disasters have increased fivefold over the past 50 years, primarily due to climatic changes and extreme weather conditions.

In such high-stakes scenarios, emergency response measures like evacuation routes are essential for public safety. “Common” traditional algorithms, such as Dijkstra’s node-wise shortest path algorithm, often encounter limitations when applied to dynamic and unpredictable situations like natural disasters.

The project delved into the capabilities of hybrid quantum technologies in the context of emergency evacuations. A proof-of-concept (POC) was implemented, simulating an earthquake on a realistic small-town map. The problem was modeled as a dynamic computational graph, where the earthquake affects certain areas, creating changes in traffic flows, particularly near the exit points of the town.

The team used a hybrid quantum machine learning model, specifically employing feature-wise linear modulation (FiLM) neural networks. These networks were split into classical and quantum components running in parallel, imitating the node-wise Dijkstra’s algorithm on dynamically changing graphs. The FiLM layer used earthquake coordinates as input features to modulate the traditional neural network, thus making real-time adjustments to the evacuation routes.

The model was trained on simulated data that replicated a town map impacted by an earthquake, collecting routing data generated through Dijkstra’s algorithm.

According to Honda Research, this ML architecture managed to work with less than 1% of the total map data, an advantage in an evolving emergency scenarios.

The team claims their quantum hybrid model demonstrated superior performance in comparison to purely classical approaches.  READ MORE...

Perpetual Motion

 

Free Will

 

Smallest Known Way to Guide Light

Scientists at the University of Chicago found a glass crystal just a few atoms thick can trap and carry light—and could be used for applications. The material is visible as the thin line in the center of the plastic, held by study co-author Hanyu Hong. Credit: Jean Lachat



2D optical waveguides could pave the way for innovative technology.

Channeling light from one location to another is the backbone of our modern world. Across deep oceans and vast continents, fiber optic cables transport light containing data ranging from YouTube clips to banking transmissions—all within fibers as thin as a strand of hair.

University of Chicago Prof. Jiwoong Park, however, wondered what would happen if you made even thinner and flatter strands—in effect, so thin that they’re actually 2D instead of 3D. What would happen to the light?

Through a series of innovative experiments, he and his team found that a sheet of glass crystal just a few atoms thick could trap and carry light. Not only that, but it was surprisingly efficient and could travel relatively long distances—up to a centimeter, which is very far in the world of light-based computing.

The research, recently published in the journal Science, demonstrates what are essentially 2D photonic circuits, and could open paths to new technology.

“We were utterly surprised by how powerful this super-thin crystal is; not only can it hold energy, but deliver it a thousand times further than anyone has seen in similar systems,” said lead study author Jiwoong Park, a professor and chair of chemistry and faculty member of the James Franck Institute and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering. “The trapped light also behaved like it is traveling in a 2D space.”

Guiding light
The newly invented system is a way to guide light—known as a waveguide—that is essentially two-dimensional. In tests, the researchers found they could use extremely tiny prisms, lenses, and switches to guide the path of the light along a chip—all the ingredients for circuits and computations.  READ MORE...

Sailing

 

Our New Abode - 90 Days Later

We have lived in our new home for over 90 days, but it is far from new construction as it is over 20 years old.  We have spent a lot of money getting it fixed up the way we want but have used not one penny of our own money, but we spent the profit made on our old house.  

It was so well maintained that we did not have to do anything at all if we did not want to, but since it is going to be our last house, we decided the makeover was what we needed to do.  While the house is a tad larger than our old house, it is better laid out an the yard is 1/4 the size of our old house.  Plus, there are no staircases to climb up and down.

And, while I have mentioned this all before in previous posts, I had not had the opportunity to live here a while.  So far so good as they say.  This house did fine over the summer once we got a portable AC/heating unit for the sunroom.  Now, the final test is to see how this house fairs over the winter.

Our three cats like this house better as well, even though they no longer have access to a basement.  How do I know this?  All three cats are displaying a more outgoing behavior since we moved here.  And all three cats are venturing outside whereas only 1 venture outside before.  Our backyard is not as big for one thing plus there is a tall barrier of trees and bushes that acts as a fence between us and the house behind us.  The cats seem to appreciate that closed in concept.

We no longer have a pool, a large deck, and a hot tub but neither my wife nor I miss that...  and we especially will not miss it during the winter when we have to put bricks on the tarp to hold it down and then remove those bricks in the spring when we open it up.  Those bricks weight about 12-15 pounds and there were 50 of them that we used.

Needless to say, we are pleased with our move and are confident that it will continue to be that way.

Blast of Rain

 

Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine

Some agree that batteries are the clear winner in the race against hydrogen technologies, while others think the opposite. There's no such debate among internal combustion engine proponents. Almost all of them believe that replacing fossil-fuel-based fuels with H2 is feasible. However, there are some significant caveats to H2ICEs.

The Latin phrase "Inter duos combatentes, tertius vincit" translates to "between two combatants, the third wins." I always feared the fierce debate between battery-electric propulsion enthusiasts and hydrogen-powered systems supporters would benefit the internal combustion engine devotees.

And I was not wrong, as recently, e-fuels seduced many to believe that phasing out of an almost obsolete technology is not necessary anymore. Moreover, these people believe that internal combustion engines deserve not only a top spot in history but also a bright future, along with new high-tech-green technologies.

That's because many in the transport industry and policymakers believe more and more in the potential of combining hydrogen and ICEs.

The fuel-cell sand castle
Currently, Toyota is the most stubborn carmaker willing to keep on investing big money in hydrogen technology for passenger cars. Besides small evolutions in fuel-cell technology – which are marketed as giant leaps, but analysts agree it's not the case – the Japanese also make efforts to use hydrogen for internal combustion engines.

BMW and Hyundai are still in the game, but the new iX5 Hydrogen demonstration vehicles failed to impress, while Hyundai Nexo's future is uncertain. Honda took everyone by surprise when the main rival of Toyota in the fuel cell realm announced it put the hydrogen program on hold to prioritize hybrids and EVs.

As for Volkswagen, their conclusion is sharp: "In the case of the passenger car, everything speaks in favor of the battery, and practically nothing speaks in favor of hydrogen." Mercedes-Benz also joined the "ditch the fuel-cell" bandwagon after 30 years of pursuing the H2 dream.  READ MORE...

Pleasure and Happiness

 

Somewhat Political