MATH & ENGINEERING

Engineering

Advances in Civil Engineering
Using Recycled Concrete Powder, Waste Glass Powder, and Plastic Powder to Improve the Mechanical Properties of Compacted Concrete: Cement Elimination Approach
Erfan Najaf and Hassan Abbasi

International Journal of Rotating Machinery
Experimental and Numerical Studies of the Film Cooling Effectiveness Downstream of a Curved Diffusion Film Cooling Hole
Fan Yang and Mohammad E. Taslim

Journal of Robotics
Robust Finite-Time Tracking Control Based on Disturbance Observer for an Uncertain Quadrotor under External Disturbances
Hamid Hassani, Anass Mansouri, and Ali Ahaitouf




Mathematics

Abstract and Applied Analysis
A New Class of Function with Finitely Many Fixed Points
Matthew O. Oluwayemi, and Olubunmi A. Fadipe-Joseph

Advances in Fuzzy Systems
Clustering by Hybrid K-Means-Based Rider Sunflower Optimization Algorithm for Medical Data
A. Jaya Mabel Rani and A. Pravin

Complexity
Strong Emergence Arising from Weak Emergence
Thomas Schmickl

Faster The Speed of Light

With a grant from Independent Research Fund Denmark, a team of researchers and experts from industry and Aarhus University will try to solve the fundamental problem that the speed of light simply is not fast enough for the Internet of Skills.

Human skills will be digitalized and democratized in the future through the Internet of Skills: a future internet that will allow you to utilize robot technology and haptic feedback to transmit expertise in real-time, regardless of where you are or where the problem to be solved is.

Consider a highly specialized surgeon performing a tele-surgery on a patient thousands of kilometers away in which, despite the fact that a robot is using the scalpel, the operation seems as real to the surgeon as if she were using the scalpel with her own hands.

Physically impossible
This vision, however, is not feasible today. This is due to the fact that reproducing the sensation of touch utilizing forces, vibrations, or movements on the user, and thus ‘fooling’ the skin and body into thinking that what we are feeling in the virtual world is genuine, demands a network with sub-millisecond latency. 

Networks with ultra-low latency and ultra-high bandwidth, in which operation command and haptic feedback occur end-to-end with a maximum delay of one-thousandth of a second.

Such extremely low latency limits the maximum communication distance to only 150 km, even under ideal conditions. Light cannot travel any further when information has to move backwards and forwards between the human operator and remote slave robot within the latency bound.

“Enabling real-time transmission of haptic sensation over the Internet will potentially allow diverse physical operations without humans being physically present. This will pave the way towards the envisioned Internet of Skills which will better disperse and democratize skills and expertise among people, regardless of gender, age, and other diversities. 

This can reduce the amount of travel and associated CO2 emission. However, the required level of immersion is unattainable over long distances at this stage. Hence, novel solutions are needed to address the challenges,” says Associate Professor Qi Zhang from the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Aarhus University.  READ MORE...

STEM Education in the USA

VISION STATEMENT

“All citizens can contribute to our nation’s progress and vibrancy. To be prepared for the STEM careers of the future, all learners must have an equitable opportunity to acquire foundational STEM knowledge. The STEM Education of the Future brings together our advanced understanding of how people learn with modern technology to create more personalized learning experiences, to inspire learning, and to foster creativity from an early age. It will unleash and harness the curiosity of young people and adult learners across the United States, cultivating a culture of innovation and inquiry, and ensuring our nation remains the global leader in science and technology discovery and competitiveness.”

Rapid technological advancements and societal changes are our daily reality. While the future of work, the economy, and society is uncertain, one thing is not: To maintain the nation’s leadership in science and technology discovery, we must create an approach to science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) education that prepares and advances the U.S. for this future.

Experts agree that science, technology, engineering and math will drive new innovations across disciplines, making use of computational power to accelerate discoveries and finding creative ways to work across disciplinary silos to solve big challenges. To remain competitive going forward, our nation must continue to design and build a thriving innovation economy, supported by a citizenry that is invested in the STEM enterprise. To succeed, the nation must invest in new research and innovation infrastructures that include all people, regardless of their background.

HOW DO WE ACHIEVE THIS VISION?

We instill creativity, innovation, and a passion for STEM from an early age, and we maintain that engagement and enthusiasm throughout their lives. Doing so will unleash an innovation culture, teaching learners of all ages to take risks, be creative, and problem-solve. Today, we are far from this goal. 

Many Americans are entering the workforce without a basic grasp of STEM facts and approaches. Equally worrisome, amid the stagnant or dipping numbers of U.S.-born STEM workers, there is a critical lack of women, people with disabilities and African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans who remain underrepresented in STEM. This underrepresentation is especially evident in several strategic areas critical for U.S. progress and security, including computer science, mathematics, and engineering. 

We are in dire need of STEM role models and leaders for the future. By 2060,1 Black and Hispanic youth will comprise nearly half of all U.S. school-age children. However, STEM faculty from these backgrounds are currently scarce, and trends among the number of domestic students who pursue advanced research degrees in STEM disciplines—particularly computer science, mathematics, and engineering...  READ MORE...

ROBOTICS

Robotics is an interdisciplinary research area at the interface of computer science and engineering. Robotics involves design, construction, operation, and use of robots. The goal of robotics is to design intelligent machines that can help and assist humans in their day-to-day lives and keep everyone safe. Wikipedia 

Robots will replace humans for many jobs, just as innovative farming equipment replaced humans and horses during the industrial revolution. ... Factory floors deploy robots that are increasingly driven by machine learning algorithms such that they can adjust to people working alongside them.

There are five major fields of robotics:

1. human-robot interface
2. mobility
3. manipulation
4. programming
5. sensors

Algorithms  are a set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially performed by a computer.  And, it is these algorithms that control the operation of a robot.

What we generally know so far is that an Agorithm takes some input and uses mathematics and logic to produce the output. In stark contrast, an Artificial Intelligence Algorithm takes a combination of both – inputs and outputs simultaneously in order to “learn” the data and produce outputs when given new inputs.

Artificial Intelligence Algorithms (AIA)will be implanted into ROBOTS and actually have been implanted into robots already...  as robots improve, AIA will improve as well...  and, in 10 years it will be 2030 and AI Robots will have taken:  "Robots 'to replace up to 20 million factory jobs' by 2030. Up to 20 million manufacturing jobs around the world could be replaced by robots by 2030, according to analysis firm Oxford Economics.  Jun 26, 2019."  SOURCE:  BBC/Business

AND BY 2050:
"There’s no question that technology is drastically changing the way we work, but what will the job market look like by 2050? Will 40% of roles have been lost to automation – as predicted by Oxford university economists Dr Carl Frey and Dr Michael Osborne – or will there still be jobs even if the nature of work is exceptionally different from today? To address these issues, the Guardian hosted a roundtable discussion, in association with professional services firm Deloitte, which brought together academics, authors and IT business experts.  

The future of work will soon become “the survival of the most adaptable”, says Paul Mason, emerging technologies director for Innovate UK. As new technologies fundamentally change the way we work, the jobs that remain will be multifaceted and changeable.

“Workers of the future will need to be highly adaptable and juggle three or more different roles at a time,” says Anand Chopra-McGowan, head of enterprise new markets for General Assembly. So ongoing education will play a key role in helping people develop new skills..."   READ MORE

FUTURE TANKS OF 2050

REMEMBER:

2030 is only 10 years away

2050 is only 30 years away

If you are 25 now you will be 55 in 30 years